什么是供应链管理 (SCM)？

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您是否曾想过，制造您拥有的手机需要多少人参与，或者为什么能源价格会上涨？生产最终产品并将其送到您当地商店的不仅仅是一家公司，而是多家公司协同工作，共同创造产品并使其能够被您或客户获得。

但是，如何为单一产品协调多家公司呢？这一切都要归功于供应链管理。

什么是供应链管理？

供应链是一个网络，涉及所有个人、资源、信息、组织及其为创建产品或服务并将其销售到最终目的地而进行的一系列活动。从采购和交付材料到创建产品，供应链在产品交付给客户或分发给最终用户时结束。

供应链寻求创建更优化的流程、加速现金流和更快的交付。然而，供应链的主要目标是满足需求、优化响应能力、构建高效网络、创造盈利能力并为客户产生价值。

供应链过程中涉及多项活动，例如计划、采购、制造、交付和退货。监督这些行动被称为供应链管理 (SCM)。

供应链与 SCM 的区别

供应链与供应链管理之间的区别在于，后者负责监督供应链的所有环节是否正常运行，寻求通过效率增加价值、优化流程并降低成本。

由专业的供应链经理团队执行供应链期间的活动。管理供应链的最佳方式取决于所有流程参与者是否拥有良好的沟通，并及时实时共享信息，以便最有效地识别和解决问题。SCM 软件可以辅助完成这项任务。供应链管理软件是一种用于供应链不同环节的工具，旨在更好地控制涵盖供应链网络内各项活动（如供应商、质量、物流和分销）的复杂工作。

如今，世界正遭受供应链管理危机的困扰。主要原因是供应链网络内的延迟。其中大部分是由于疫情、电子商务增长给运输供应商带来的压力、中国的零疫情封控以及乌克兰战争。这些事件破坏了供应链协同工作的流动性，导致价格飙升。

供应链管理是如何运作的？

以下是供应链管理的 5 个步骤：

1. Planning
   Good planning is the first step to success in supply chain management. It is the step in which companies foresee how much material will be needed for the elaboration of a product, the labor force, the time, the equipment, and who in the supply chain must participate. In addition, the client’s future needs must be predicted in case of placing a larger order later, thus avoiding shortages of raw materials. Most companies use Material Requirements Planning Software to help the SCM to plan the order and achieve the goals more effectively.
2. Sourcing
   Solid relationships and excellent coordination with suppliers help keep SCM processes efficient. A reliable supplier must:
   • Deliver raw materials that meet the given specifications to start manufacturing.
   • It has competitive prices according to the market.
   • It has a verifiable good track record of delivery and satisfied customers.
   • Possesses the ability to deliver last-minute raw material in case of emergency.
   • Maintains good communication with clients.
3. Manufacturing
   It is the essential step of supply chain management. It is the process in which the raw material is transformed into the requested product or service through machinery and labor. The production encompasses assembly, testing, inspection, and packaging. Efficient supply chain management monitors every step so that the product meets customer specifications and avoids production delays.
4. Delivery
   When the product is finished and approved by quality control, the next step is to send the order to the customer. Good logistics and communication with parcel providers are essential for on-time delivery and creating an image with the customer. Supply Chain Management wants delivery to be safe and reasonably priced, so having various parcel options is ideal in emergencies.
5. Returning
   Companies will always seek to deliver the perfect product in compliance with the customer’s specifications; however, sometimes a product has to be returned, either due to changes made by the customer, an error by the company that manufactured it, or another reason. Good customer service does not end with delivery, so a company must have the ability to receive returned products and be able to give refunds to remedy the situation.

供应链管理的优势

1. Reduce costs and make the company more profitable
   An immediate benefit is to reduce operating costs. By having greater control by being able to monitor the progress of production and better fluidity of communication, there are fewer errors in the manufacturing processes, reducing purchase, storage, and workforce costs, increasing cash flow, and obtaining higher profits. It is much easier if a company uses automated supply chain management. An automated SCM will streamline and optimize the processes of creating a product or service and avoid underproduction. SCM will also allow full traceability of all the movements of goods from the supplier to the customer. Companies that use the JIT method benefit significantly from Supply Chain Management Software.
2. SCM allows companies to be up to date with the pace of technology
   The world is becoming more globalized, so companies have to adapt to the new demands of consumers. The best way to achieve this goal is through supply chain management, which will help a company to have more optimal and efficient processes. SCM makes a company more competitive, ready to face the challenges of any bottleneck, new demands, or intermittent problems that arise.
3. Better communication and more transparent information
   In a globalized world, being in constant communication during all the steps of creating a product or service is vital. The faster an error is detected, the easier it will be to solve it, and it will have a lower cost, mitigating expenses. For example, an SCM can seek an immediate solution to avoid delays if a supplier or an outsourcing company has delayed delivery. Supply chain management allows greater visibility of the situation during the production process, enabling everyone that is part of a company’s supply chain to work more harmoniously and holistically. SCM also allows accurate, timely, complete, and relevant information flow to avoid missed opportunities and make a company grow. This step will be quite an easy task using technological tools such as mobile phone applications, software, and conferencing platforms.
4. Boosts shipment efficiency
   Just as a company expects the necessary material to start production, the customer seeks to have their order on time, so shipping methods are a crucial phase in supply chain management. With reasonable control of the SCM, you can collaborate with different shipping companies, having a method segmented according to the package size, destination, and type of product you plan to send.
5. Happier customers
   A good supply chain management creates products faster and delivers earlier or on time without harming or sacrificing the quality of the product or service; it can add added value. Fulfilling and exceeding expectations means more satisfied customers, improving the business relationship, and creating more loyal clients.

供应链管理中常见的问题有哪些？

供应链中的所有步骤都是必要的，但其妥善的行政和管理可能非常复杂，并面临多项挑战。常见的障碍包括：

• Delay or loss of goods
  We have to start this list with the problem that delays the entire supply chain, the lack of material due to loss or delay. If there is no material, the production process can’t start. If there is no contingency plan, this can delay the delivery to the client and end up losing it or paying immediately. A Warehouse Management System can assist SCM in tracking and keeping the inventory under control.
• Lack of Communication and Transparency
  Having control and knowing how each of the stages of a supply chain process is developing is key to its success. If information is obtained in real-time from work, it will facilitate decision-making and solving problems that arise.
• Mismanagement of resources
  If a company doesn’t estimate correctly how much material a process will need or predict the demand that a product may have, it can lead to excess inventory, increasing costs, and wasting time.
• Unsatisfactory Customer Service
  Good customer service and quality product delivery on time are vital to creating a good relationship with customers. Some are even willing to pay a slightly higher price to get a special deal. Therefore, realistic expectations must be drawn up with the client to comply with what was agreed.
• Low capacity for sudden changes
  It is nothing new that several changes can occur when manufacturing a product within the supply chain process, be it due to late delivery, a broken machine, last-minute changes from the customer, or even bad weather or external factors. Therefore, it is necessary to have a tool capable of generating contingency plans at the moment.

简化您的生产

供应链管理产生的优势使任何公司受益，尤其是那些无法自给自足的公司。大多数企业同时与其他企业（如运输公司或供应商）合作与协作，以将最终产品送到客户手中。因此，对于想要发展并满足现代世界需求的跨国公司来说，SCM 至关重要。

您可以将供应链管理软件添加到现有系统中，例如 ERP 技术。这种结合将借助自动化流程和网络间的实时信息流，使 SCM 软件更加敏捷。Skyplanner APS 解决方案可以根据您的 ERP 和 SCM 需求进行定制。我们的专业团队随时准备帮助您的公司成长并应对任何突发危机。

咨询并了解我们如何为您提供帮助。