{"id":107886,"date":"2026-10-23T19:50:04","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T19:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/?p=107886"},"modified":"2026-10-23T19:50:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T19:50:17","slug":"optimalni-velikost-objednavky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/cs\/zdroje\/optimalni-velikost-objednavky\/","title":{"rendered":"Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky: vypo\u010d\u00edtejte v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed d\u00e1vku"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-article01 article-main-content-container\">\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky: vypo\u010d\u00edtejte v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed d\u00e1vku<\/h1>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-article02\">\n\n<p><a href=\"\/cs\/\">Domov<\/a> &raquo; <a href=\"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/cs\/zdroje\/\">Zdroje<\/a> &raquo; Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky: vypo\u010d\u00edtejte v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed d\u00e1vku<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"yoast-reading-time__wrapper\"><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__icon\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-icon=\"clock\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.1em\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 8v4l3 3m6-3a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__spacer\" style=\"display:inline-block;width:1em\"><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__descriptive-text\">Odhadovan\u00fd \u010das \u010dten\u00ed: <\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__reading-time\">10<\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__time-unit\"> minut<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-article03\">\n\n<p><strong>Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky (EOQ) je mno\u017estv\u00ed objedn\u00e1van\u00e9 k dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sob, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed model EOQ dosahuje nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edho sou\u010dtu n\u00e1klad\u016f na objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob.<\/strong> V\u00fdrobci, kter\u00fd pravideln\u011b nakupuje ur\u010dit\u00fd d\u00edl, odpov\u00edd\u00e1 na ot\u00e1zku: kolik m\u00e1me poka\u017ed\u00e9 objednat s ohledem na na\u0161i spot\u0159ebu a n\u00e1klady?<\/p>\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdpo\u010det vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze vzorce <strong>EOQ = \u221a(2 \u00d7 D \u00d7 S \/ H)<\/strong>, kde D je ro\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159eba v kusech, S jsou fixn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na jednu objedn\u00e1vku a H jsou n\u00e1klady na dr\u017een\u00ed jednoho kusu po dobu jednoho roku.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledek je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem, nikoli kone\u010dn\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm o n\u00e1kupu. Velikost balen\u00ed nebo minim\u00e1ln\u00ed objednac\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dodavatele mohou ovlivnit, jak\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lze skute\u010dn\u011b objednat. Ani ekonomicky v\u00fdhodn\u00fd n\u00e1kup nav\u00edc nepom\u016f\u017ee z\u00edt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b, pokud doraz\u00ed a\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden. SkyPlanner APS propojuje o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky materi\u00e1lu s v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edkazy, kter\u00e9 jsou na nich z\u00e1visl\u00e9. N\u00e1kup a v\u00fdroba tak mohou pracovat podle spole\u010dn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu m\u00edsto vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho sla\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00fdch seznam\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u010d m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objedn\u00e1vka znamenat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sob p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed krom\u011b ceny samotn\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f i dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady: na vystaven\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmu a manipulaci s dod\u00e1vkou. P\u0159i n\u00e1kupu v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed se tyto fixn\u00ed \u010dinnosti opakuj\u00ed u men\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu objedn\u00e1vek.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dod\u00e1vky ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 znamenaj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sobu mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. Tato z\u00e1soba v\u00e1\u017ee pen\u00edze a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na skladov\u00e1n\u00ed, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a zastar\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u00e1kup dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed proto nen\u00ed automaticky v\u00fdhodn\u00fd jen proto, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed po\u010det objedn\u00e1vek na polovinu.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>EOQ hled\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1hu mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma vlivy. V z\u00e1kladn\u00edm modelu je cel\u00e1 dodan\u00e1 d\u00e1vka k dispozici pro pou\u017eit\u00ed najednou a z\u00e1soba pot\u00e9 rovnom\u011brn\u011b kles\u00e1 podle spot\u0159eby ve v\u00fdrob\u011b. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 z\u00e1soba proto odpov\u00edd\u00e1 polovin\u011b objedn\u00e1van\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed. Pokud je pot\u0159eba tak\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1soba, p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 se zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a do tohoto v\u00fdpo\u010dtu poloviny d\u00e1vky nevstupuje.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spr\u00e1vn\u011b stanovte t\u0159i vstupy pro v\u00fdpo\u010det EOQ<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvejte jednotn\u00e9 m\u011brn\u00e9 jednotky a stejn\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed. K ro\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159eb\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob; m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady nelze do stejn\u00e9ho v\u00fdpo\u010dtu dosadit bez p\u0159epo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Vstup<\/th><th>V\u00fdznam u nakupovan\u00e9ho d\u00edlu<\/th><th>Jednotka<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D<\/td><td>O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159eba dan\u00e9ho d\u00edlu<\/td><td>Kusy\/rok<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S<\/td><td>Fixn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na vystaven\u00ed jedn\u00e9 objedn\u00e1vky k dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sob a p\u0159\u00edjem dod\u00e1vky<\/td><td>Pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed jednotky\/objedn\u00e1vka<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H<\/td><td>N\u00e1klady na dr\u017een\u00ed jednoho kusu po dobu jednoho roku<\/td><td>Pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed jednotky\/kus\/rok<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D: vych\u00e1zejte ze spot\u0159eby d\u00edlu, ne z tr\u017eeb<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>U nakupovan\u00fdch lo\u017eisek je D po\u010det lo\u017eisek, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 v\u00fdroba podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebovat za rok. Nejde o tr\u017eby z prodeje stroj\u016f, v nich\u017e se lo\u017eiska pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, ani nutn\u011b o mno\u017estv\u00ed nakoupen\u00e9 v minul\u00e9m roce: podle objemu n\u00e1kup\u016f se mohla z\u00e1soba zv\u00fd\u0161it, nebo naopak vy\u010derpat.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Zahr\u0148te pot\u0159ebu v\u0161ech v\u00fdrobk\u016f, kter\u00e9 dan\u00fd d\u00edl spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed, a p\u0159ipo\u010dt\u011bte odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed na o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty v procesu. Ov\u011b\u0159te, zda ro\u010dn\u00ed sou\u010det odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00e9mu pr\u016fb\u011bhu spot\u0159eby. U d\u00edlu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pouze pro dva velk\u00e9 z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 projekty pot\u0159ebujete n\u00e1kupn\u00ed pl\u00e1n s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi term\u00edny, nikoli rovnom\u011brnou spot\u0159ebu um\u011ble odvozenou z ro\u010dn\u00edho sou\u010dtu.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S: odd\u011blte n\u00e1klady na objedn\u00e1n\u00ed od n\u00e1kupn\u00ed ceny<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>S zahrnuje fixn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na \u010dinnosti \u010di poplatky spojen\u00e9 s ka\u017ed\u00fdm dopln\u011bn\u00edm z\u00e1sob, nap\u0159\u00edklad administrativu objedn\u00e1vky, pevn\u00fd poplatek za dopravu a pr\u00e1ci p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edjmu. Nejde o fakturovanou hodnotu v\u0161ech d\u00edl\u016f v objedn\u00e1vce.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Pro porovn\u00e1van\u00e9 dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sob pou\u017eijte n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eete zd\u016fvodnit. Pokud je v\u00edce polo\u017eek na jedn\u00e9 n\u00e1kupn\u00ed objedn\u00e1vce nebo ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m n\u00e1kladn\u00edm voze, p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00edm cel\u00fdch p\u0159epravn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9 polo\u017ece byste S nadhodnotili. Ani p\u0159epravn\u00e9 z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na hmotnosti nelze jednodu\u0161e pova\u017eovat za fixn\u00ed n\u00e1klad na objedn\u00e1vku. Odhad p\u0159izp\u016fsobte podm\u00ednk\u00e1m dodavatele a zp\u016fsobu p\u0159\u00edjmu dod\u00e1vek.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H: p\u0159eve\u010fte procentn\u00ed sazbu n\u00e1klad\u016f na dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob na pen\u00edze<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Pokud d\u00edl stoj\u00ed 20 $ a ro\u010dn\u00ed sazba n\u00e1klad\u016f na dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob \u010din\u00ed 25 %, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1klady jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>H = 20 $ \u00d7 0,25 = 5 $ na d\u00edl za rok<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Do vzorce EOQ dosa\u010fte 5 $, nikoli 25 nebo 0,25. Do zvolen\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu pro n\u00e1klady na dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob zahr\u0148te p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na kapit\u00e1l, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a rizika spojen\u00e1 se z\u00e1sobami. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1klad p\u0159itom nezapo\u010d\u00edtejte dvakr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u00da\u010detn\u011b rozvr\u017een\u00e9 n\u00e1klady automaticky neznamenaj\u00ed skute\u010dnou pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed \u00fasporu p\u0159i n\u00e1kupu men\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vky. V\u00fdpo\u010det m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos tehdy, kdy\u017e se n\u00e1kup a finan\u010dn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed shodnou, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1klady se p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b objedn\u00e1van\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdpo\u010dtu: n\u00e1kup lo\u017eisek pro v\u00fdrobu<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavme si v\u00fdrobce, kter\u00fd nakupuje standardn\u00ed lo\u017eisko pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v n\u011bkolika v\u00fdrobc\u00edch. P\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z t\u011bchto p\u0159edpoklad\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ro\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159eba D: <strong>12 000 lo\u017eisek<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Fixn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na objedn\u00e1n\u00ed S: <strong>75 $ za jedno dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sob<\/strong>.<\/li><li>N\u00e1kupn\u00ed cena za kus: <strong>20 $<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Ro\u010dn\u00ed sazba n\u00e1klad\u016f na dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob: <strong>25 %<\/strong>, z \u010deho\u017e vych\u00e1z\u00ed H ve v\u00fd\u0161i <strong>5 $ na lo\u017eisko<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Jde o ilustrativn\u00ed vstupy, nikoli o referen\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1kladov\u00e9 hodnoty pro v\u00fdrobn\u00ed podniky ani o v\u00fdsledek z\u00e1kazn\u00edka SkyPlanner.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>EOQ = \u221a[(2 \u00d7 12 000 \u00d7 75) \/ 5] = \u221a360 000 = 600 lo\u017eisek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i objedn\u00e1vce 600 lo\u017eisek vych\u00e1z\u00ed podle modelu 12 000 \/ 600 = <strong>20 objedn\u00e1vek za rok<\/strong> a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 z\u00e1soba 600 \/ 2 = <strong>300 lo\u017eisek<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Pro\u010d je mno\u017estv\u00ed 600 v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, uk\u00e1\u017ee porovn\u00e1n\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f, kter\u00e9 se m\u011bn\u00ed s objedn\u00e1van\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm Q:<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed = (D \/ Q) \u00d7 S<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na dr\u017een\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1soby = (Q \/ 2) \u00d7 H<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Objedn\u00e1van\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed<\/th><th>Ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th><th>Ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na dr\u017een\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1soby<\/th><th>Sou\u010det ro\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>300 lo\u017eisek<\/td><td>3 000 $<\/td><td>750 $<\/td><td>3 750 $<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>600 lo\u017eisek<\/td><td>1 500 $<\/td><td>1 500 $<\/td><td>3 000 $<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>900 lo\u017eisek<\/td><td>1 000 $<\/td><td>2 250 $<\/td><td>3 250 $<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>V optimu bez omezen\u00ed se n\u00e1klady na objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rovnaj\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016fm na dr\u017een\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1soby. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed na 900 sice sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1klady na objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ale n\u00e1klady na dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob vzrostou v\u00edce, ne\u017e kolik se u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stka 3 000 $ <strong>nep\u0159edstavuje celkov\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na n\u00e1kup lo\u017eisek<\/strong>. Za samotn\u00e1 lo\u017eiska se st\u00e1le zaplat\u00ed 12 000 \u00d7 20 $ = 240 000 $ ro\u010dn\u011b. Tato \u010d\u00e1stka se v uveden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu s velikost\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky nem\u011bn\u00ed, a proto neovliv\u0148uje optim\u00e1ln\u00ed Q. Pokud se v\u0161ak jednotkov\u00e1 cena m\u011bn\u00ed podle mno\u017estv\u00ed, je nutn\u00e9 ji do porovn\u00e1n\u00ed znovu zahrnout.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Jde o odhady ro\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f v dlouhodob\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru. V\u00fdsledek nap\u0159\u00edklad 13,33 objedn\u00e1vky za rok p\u0159i d\u00e1vce 900 kus\u016f vyjad\u0159uje pr\u016fm\u011brnou \u010detnost objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli po\u017eadavek vystavit zlomek n\u00e1kupn\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159izp\u016fsobte vypo\u010dten\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed podm\u00ednk\u00e1m dodavatele<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed model EOQ p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 zn\u00e1mou a rovnom\u011brnou spot\u0159ebu, stabiln\u00ed n\u00e1klady na objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob, st\u00e1lou dodac\u00ed lh\u016ftu, p\u0159\u00edjem cel\u00fdch d\u00e1vek pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch najednou a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nedostatek z\u00e1sob. Po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 tak\u00e9 s t\u00edm, \u017ee nejsou poskytov\u00e1ny mno\u017estevn\u00ed slevy ani stanovena z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 mno\u017estevn\u00ed omezen\u00ed. Nejspolehliv\u011bji jej lze pou\u017e\u00edt u pravideln\u011b nakupovan\u00fdch polo\u017eek, jejich\u017e n\u00e1kup t\u011bmto podm\u00ednk\u00e1m odpov\u00edd\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Pot\u00e9 porovnejte mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017eete skute\u010dn\u011b nakoupit.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Velikosti balen\u00ed a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed objednac\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee dodavatel prod\u00e1v\u00e1 lo\u017eiska v balen\u00edch po 250 kusech. Objednat 600 lo\u017eisek tedy nelze. Pomoc\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho vzorce porovnejte nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed cel\u00fdm balen\u00edm:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>500 lo\u017eisek:<\/strong> 1 800 $ za objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed + 1 250 $ za dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob = <strong>3 050 $ ro\u010dn\u011b<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>750 lo\u017eisek:<\/strong> 1 200 $ za objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed + 1 875 $ za dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob = <strong>3 075 $ ro\u010dn\u011b<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Pokud neplat\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed omezen\u00ed, vych\u00e1z\u00ed v tomto modelu levn\u011bji 500 kus\u016f. P\u0159i automatick\u00e9m zaokrouhlen\u00ed nahoru byste tuto v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost p\u0159ehl\u00e9dli.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee dodavatel z\u00e1rove\u0148 stanov\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed objednac\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed 750 kus\u016f. Varianta s 500 kusy u\u017e tedy nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1. P\u0159i volb\u011b 750 kus\u016f jsou ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady o 75 $ vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v optimu bez omezen\u00ed, tedy podle modelu o 2,5 %. To je jasn\u00fd podklad pro rozhodnut\u00ed, zda se vyplat\u00ed v\u011bnovat \u00fasil\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm minimu.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>MOQ je doln\u00ed hranice mno\u017estv\u00ed stanoven\u00e1 dodavatelem. EOQ je n\u00e1kladov\u00e9 optimum vypo\u010dten\u00e9 pro odb\u011bratele. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto hodnot odpov\u00edd\u00e1 na jinou ot\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mno\u017estevn\u00ed slevy a dohody o dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed jednotkov\u00e1 cena m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objedn\u00e1vku zv\u00fdhodnit, je ale pot\u0159eba porovnat celkov\u00fd dopad: ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na n\u00e1kup, objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 p\u0159epravn\u00e9 z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na mno\u017estv\u00ed. Vych\u00e1zejte ze skute\u010dn\u00fdch pravidel slevy. Cena platn\u00e1 pro ka\u017ed\u00fd kus nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e jako sleva pouze na kusy nad ur\u010ditou hranic\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>R\u00e1mcov\u00e1 objedn\u00e1vka s n\u011bkolika d\u00edl\u010d\u00edmi odvol\u00e1vkami m\u011bn\u00ed i to, co se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jako jednotliv\u00e9 objedn\u00e1n\u00ed a jakou z\u00e1sobu skute\u010dn\u011b dr\u017e\u00edte. Pokud dod\u00e1vky a \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00ed odd\u011blen\u011b, nepova\u017eujte cel\u00e9 smluvn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed za jedin\u00fd okam\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Skladov\u00e1n\u00ed, doba pou\u017eitelnosti a nerovnom\u011brn\u00e1 spot\u0159eba<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Ov\u011b\u0159te, \u017ee se objednan\u00e1 d\u00e1vka vejde do vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdch skladov\u00fdch prostor a \u017ee ji lze spot\u0159ebovat p\u0159ed uplynut\u00edm doby pou\u017eitelnosti, konstruk\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bnou nebo ukon\u010den\u00edm pot\u0159eby z\u00e1kazn\u00edka. Mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nelze vyu\u017e\u00edt, nen\u00ed hospod\u00e1rn\u00e9 jen proto, \u017ee odpov\u00edd\u00e1 minimu zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1kladov\u00e9 k\u0159ivky.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Pokud je spot\u0159eba sez\u00f3nn\u00ed nebo prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve velk\u00fdch, nepravideln\u00fdch odb\u011brech, pracujte s pot\u0159ebami rozvr\u017een\u00fdmi v \u010dase a zvolte vhodn\u00fd zp\u016fsob dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob. P\u0159i nejist\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b nebo nespolehliv\u00fdch dodac\u00edch term\u00ednech stanovte bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu samostatn\u011b. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed EOQ nenahrad\u00ed posouzen\u00ed rizika nedostatku.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">EOQ ur\u010duje, kolik objednat, ne kdy<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edkladu s lo\u017eisky \u010din\u00ed spot\u0159eba 12 000 kus\u016f za 250 pracovn\u00edch dn\u016f, tedy <strong>48 lo\u017eisek za pracovn\u00ed den<\/strong>. D\u00e1vka 600 lo\u017eisek p\u0159i tomto tempu vysta\u010d\u00ed na <strong>12,5 pracovn\u00edho dne<\/strong>. To je doba jej\u00ed spot\u0159eby, nikoli dodac\u00ed lh\u016fta dodavatele.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m sledov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob se bod objedn\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle stanovuje takto:<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Bod objedn\u00e1n\u00ed = o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 spot\u0159eba b\u011bhem dodac\u00ed lh\u016fty + bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1soba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Pokud trv\u00e1 osm pracovn\u00edch dn\u016f, ne\u017e je dodan\u00e1 z\u00e1soba pou\u017eiteln\u00e1 pro v\u00fdrobu, a samostatn\u011b zvol\u00edte pro ilustraci rezervu 96 lo\u017eisek:<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Bod objedn\u00e1n\u00ed = (48 \u00d7 8) + 96 = 480 lo\u017eisek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Ob\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed jsou nyn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00e1: objedn\u00e1v\u00e1te <strong>600<\/strong> kus\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e podle tohoto pravidla objedn\u00e1vku zad\u00e1te p\u0159i dosa\u017een\u00ed <strong>480<\/strong> kus\u016f. Rezerva 96 kus\u016f byla zvolena pro ilustraci, nikoli vypo\u010dtena pomoc\u00ed EOQ. P\u0159i stanoven\u00ed rezervy na pokryt\u00ed nejistoty v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/cs\/zdroje\/bezpecnostni-zasoba\/\">pr\u016fvodce bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1sobou<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>S bodem objedn\u00e1n\u00ed porovn\u00e1vejte z\u00e1sobovou pozici: pou\u017eitelnou z\u00e1sobu na sklad\u011b plus dosud nedodan\u00e9 objednan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed minus neuspokojen\u00e9 nebo ji\u017e rezervovan\u00e9 po\u017eadavky podle va\u0161ich pravidel evidence z\u00e1sob. Stejn\u00fd z\u00e1vazek nezapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vejte dvakr\u00e1t. Pokud sledujete jen fyzick\u00fd stav skladu, m\u016f\u017eete objednat znovu i materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd u\u017e je na cest\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Objednan\u00fd materi\u00e1l ale je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed k dispozici pro v\u00fdrobu. N\u00e1kupn\u00ed objedn\u00e1vka m\u016f\u017ee udr\u017eovat z\u00e1sobovou pozici nad bodem objedn\u00e1n\u00ed, i kdy\u017e jej\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem nastane p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b pro spln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 zak\u00e1zky. Mno\u017estv\u00ed i term\u00edn dod\u00e1n\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 kontrolovat spole\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co kdy\u017e si d\u00e1vku pro dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sob vyr\u00e1b\u00edte sami?<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Pokud se z\u00e1soba dopl\u0148uje postupn\u011b a sou\u010dasn\u011b se spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1, pou\u017eijte <a href=\"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/cs\/zdroje\/ekonomicka-vyrobni-davka\/\">ekonomickou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed d\u00e1vku<\/a> (EPQ). Tak tomu b\u00fdv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad u opakovan\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e1 se pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b uvol\u0148uje na sklad. EPQ zohled\u0148uje vztah mezi tempem v\u00fdroby a spot\u0159eby, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1kladn\u00ed model EOQ p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee je cel\u00e1 d\u00e1vka k dispozici najednou.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, jak se z\u00e1soba st\u00e1v\u00e1 pou\u017eitelnou, nikoli pouze to, zda jde o intern\u00ed, nebo extern\u00ed objedn\u00e1vku. D\u00edl\u010d\u00ed dod\u00e1vky od dodavatele nebo v\u00fdrobn\u00ed d\u00e1vka zadr\u017een\u00e1 a\u017e do kone\u010dn\u00e9ho schv\u00e1len\u00ed kvality mohou vy\u017eadovat jin\u00fd model, ne\u017e by nazna\u010dovalo samotn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propojte pl\u00e1novan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem s v\u00fdrobou pomoc\u00ed SkyPlanner<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1te dod\u00e1n\u00ed 600 lo\u017eisek v pond\u011bl\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed je dv\u011b z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 zak\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 s dal\u0161\u00edmi zak\u00e1zkami soupe\u0159\u00ed o kapacity obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed a mont\u00e1\u017ee. Dodavatel p\u0159esune dod\u00e1n\u00ed na \u010dtvrtek. Nakupovan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed se nem\u011bn\u00ed, ale pond\u011bln\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed pl\u00e1n u\u017e nen\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Samotn\u00e1 aktualizace n\u00e1kupn\u00edho seznamu nezajist\u00ed, aby po\u0159ad\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na stroj\u00edch a p\u0159isl\u00edben\u00e9 term\u00edny dod\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u00eddaly nov\u00e9 situaci. SkyPlanner tyto vazby propojuje ve <a href=\"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/cs\/zdroje\/co-je-planovani-vyroby\/\">sd\u00edlen\u00e9m v\u00fdrobn\u00edm rozvrhu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1kupn\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky obsahuj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed materi\u00e1lu a term\u00edny dod\u00e1n\u00ed. Term\u00edn dod\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje o\u010dek\u00e1vanou dostupnost materi\u00e1lu; potvrzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmu stavem Dod\u00e1no aktualizuje skladovou z\u00e1sobu. Pokud je zapnut\u00e9 rozvrhov\u00e1n\u00ed zohled\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l, jeho dostupnost vstupuje do rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1novac\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence Arcturus v syst\u00e9mu SkyPlanner. Ta rozvrhuje pr\u00e1ci podle nastaven\u00fdch kapacit, n\u00e1vaznost\u00ed operac\u00ed a priorit.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Zaznamenejte zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fd term\u00edn p\u0159\u00edjmu a p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtejte rozvrh. Term\u00edny dot\u010den\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f pak lze sladit s term\u00ednem dodavatele a Gantt\u016fv diagram uk\u00e1\u017ee jejich \u010dasov\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed spolu s ostatn\u00edmi v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi pracemi. M\u00edsto p\u0159esouv\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 navazuj\u00edc\u00ed operace mezi samostatn\u00fdmi frontami pr\u00e1ce se pl\u00e1nova\u010d m\u016f\u017ee soust\u0159edit na rozhodnut\u00ed: urgovat dod\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti, zm\u011bnit priority, naj\u00edt n\u00e1hradn\u00ed zdroj nebo upravit p\u0159isl\u00edben\u00fd term\u00edn dod\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto m\u00e1 smysl doplnit pravidla n\u00e1kupu syst\u00e9mem SkyPlanner: <strong>m\u00e9n\u011b ru\u010dn\u00ed koordinace mezi materi\u00e1lov\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem a v\u00fdrobn\u00edm rozvrhem a v\u010dasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled o tom, jak zm\u011bna term\u00ednu p\u0159\u00edjmu ovlivn\u00ed z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 zak\u00e1zky.<\/strong> N\u00e1kup stanov\u00ed hospod\u00e1rnou velikost d\u00e1vky, kter\u00e1 spl\u0148uje smluvn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Sd\u00edlen\u00fd rozvrh uk\u00e1\u017ee jej\u00ed dopady na v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/cs\/pribehy-zakazniku\/eskomatic\/\">Zku\u0161enosti spole\u010dnosti Eskomatic se syst\u00e9mem SkyPlanner<\/a> ukazuj\u00ed, pro\u010d je takov\u00fd p\u0159ehled d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. Tato firma zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se zak\u00e1zkov\u00fdm obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve ur\u010dovala po\u0159ad\u00ed pr\u00e1ce p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ru\u010dn\u011b a nedostatek materi\u00e1lu se n\u011bkdy projevil a\u017e t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm zah\u00e1jen\u00edm. D\u00edky rozvrhov\u00e1n\u00ed v Ganttov\u011b diagramu propojen\u00e9mu s ERP a lep\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159ehledu o materi\u00e1lu podle sv\u00fdch slov zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdpadk\u016f v\u00fdroby kv\u016fli chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edmu materi\u00e1lu a p\u0159esn\u011bji stanovuje term\u00edny dod\u00e1n\u00ed. Lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled o materi\u00e1lu d\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00fdmu spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>SkyPlanner lze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm otev\u0159en\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed REST API integrovat s jak\u00fdmkoli syst\u00e9mem ERP nebo MES. \u00dadaje o n\u00e1kupu a zak\u00e1zk\u00e1ch z va\u0161ich st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f tak mohou slou\u017eit jako podklad pro tento propojen\u00fd rozvrh.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uve\u010fte zvolenou velikost objedn\u00e1vky do praxe<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob n\u00e1kupem za\u010dn\u011bte v\u00fdpo\u010dtem EOQ, porovnejte mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dodavatel umo\u017e\u0148uje objednat, a bod objedn\u00e1n\u00ed stanovte samostatn\u011b. Pot\u00e9 dbejte na to, aby p\u0159\u00edjem materi\u00e1lu z\u016fstal v pl\u00e1nu prov\u00e1z\u00e1n se zak\u00e1zkami, kter\u00e9 tento materi\u00e1l spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/cs\/kontaktni-prodej\/\">Domluvte si uk\u00e1zku SkyPlanner<\/a> na p\u0159\u00edkladu jedn\u00e9 nakupovan\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti, jej\u00edho o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu a dvou navazuj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1kaznick\u00fdch zak\u00e1zek. Uvid\u00edte, jak toto propojen\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed pl\u00e1n. Pokud si chcete syst\u00e9m nejprve prohl\u00e9dnout sami, <a href=\"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/cs\/zkusebni-verze\/\">vyzkou\u0161ejte SkyPlanner s uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdmi daty<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky: vypo\u010d\u00edtejte v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed d\u00e1vku Domov &raquo; Zdroje &raquo; Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky: vypo\u010d\u00edtejte v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed d\u00e1vku Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky (EOQ) je mno\u017estv\u00ed objedn\u00e1van\u00e9 k dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sob, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed model EOQ dosahuje nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edho sou\u010dtu n\u00e1klad\u016f na objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a dr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sob. V\u00fdrobci, kter\u00fd pravideln\u011b nakupuje ur\u010dit\u00fd d\u00edl, odpov\u00edd\u00e1 na ot\u00e1zku: kolik m\u00e1me poka\u017ed\u00e9 objednat &#8230; <a title=\"Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky: vypo\u010d\u00edtejte v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed d\u00e1vku\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/skyplanner.ai\/cs\/zdroje\/optimalni-velikost-objednavky\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky: vypo\u010d\u00edtejte v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed d\u00e1vku\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":107916,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2546,303],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-efektivita-vyroby","category-zdroje","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.3 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky: v\u00fdpo\u010det v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed d\u00e1vky<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ur\u010dete optim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost objedn\u00e1vky opakovan\u011b 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